As an answer to your main question, see Diego's answer.
In response to your P.s., yes shroud only prevents the creature from being targeted - nothing else.
For example Clone, Wrath of God, Diabolic Edict, Prahv, Spires of Order, Sovereigns of Lost Alara, Quest for the Holy Relic and Bolster do not target creatures and all work against or with a creature with shroud.
Generally things that specify 'all' of something, or things that target players can effect creatures with shroud.
There are some cards, like Clone that say 'choose' rather than target, or that do things to specific cards without using the word 'target' like Sovereigns of Lost Alara - for these, if the card is older, it is generally worth double checking, as it may have had errata like Blue Elemental Blast which on the printed card doesn't mention targeting, but has had errata to include that word*, but other than these older cards with errata you can generally choose or select a creature with shroud, so long as the card doesn't target and you aren't casting an aura or equipping an equipment.
N.b. Generally these cards also get around protection - Clone or Wrath of God for example ignore protection just as they ignore shroud, that said Diego's specific example (getting an enchantment on to a battlefield without casting it) doesn't get around protection like it does shroud. (Protection prevents Damage, Enchanting, Blocking and Targeting - providing the handy acronym DEBT - from anything that meets the criteria it has protection from; The classic example is that even Progenitus is killed by Day of Judgement)
Example
Cyclonic Rift cannot effect a creature with shroud because it tries to target the creature, unless it is Overloaded, in which case it no longer targets and it instead effects 'each creature you don't control', rather than 'target creature you don't control'. You can see this verified in the first and second rulings on Gatherer for Cyclonic Rift.
*Generally done to preserve the original intended functionality following a rule change.