All the damage from Deafening Clarion is a single damage event, so Firesong and Sunspeaker will only trigger once, giving you 3 extra damage.
From a Gatherer ruling on Firesong and Sunspeaker:
If a red and white spell you control deals damage to multiple things using the word “deals” only once, Firesong and Sunspeaker’s last ability triggers only once. Similarly, if a red and white spell’s effect causes it to deal damage to one thing and then deal more damage with a second instance of the word “deals,” Firesong and Sunspeaker’s last ability triggers twice, and so on.
Here is one relevant rule:
- Life
119.9. Some triggered abilities are written, “Whenever [a player] gains life, . . . .” Such abilities are treated as though they are written, “Whenever a source causes [a player] to gain life, . . . .” If a player gains 0 life, no life gain event has occurred, and these abilities won’t trigger.
As far as Deafening Clarion's Lifelink is concerned, all it cares about is the total amount of damage Deafening Clarion is dealing, because that damage also causes you to gain that much life. It doesn't matter how many different creatures are receiving that damage.
Similar questions have been asked about Cone of Flames, and judges have ruled that each instance of the word "deals" in an effect causes a separate damage event.
https://www.mtgsalvation.com/forums/magic-fundamentals/magic-rulings/magic-rulings-archives/257199-targeting-technicalities
https://tappedout.net/mtg-questions/deafening-clarion-firesong-and-sunspeaker-and-similiar-multi-enemytarget-effects/
Assuming FS&SS were your only creature Deafening Clarion would deal 18 damage and you would therefore gain 18 life. All the damage is dealt as a single event, so you get 1 instance of lifegain from a white instant or sorcery, and get to Lightning Bolt once.
